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31.
经济发展与生态环境动态良性循环已经成为社会经济发展的重要议题。为实现长江经济带高质量发展,以2007—2018年长江经济带11个省市为样本,采用空间计量和面板门槛模型考察工业集聚与水环境污染之间的关系。研究表明:长江经济带各省市水环境污染具有显著的空间自相关性;长江经济带工业集聚水平和水环境污染表现出先降低后增强的“U”形变化特征,说明工业集聚水平对水环境污染的影响存在一个阈值;长江经济带工业集聚产生的规模效应和结构效应对水环境污染存在显著的双门槛效应,在不同的工业集聚水平下,规模效应和结构效应表现出不同的外部性特征;工业集聚产生的技术溢出效应对水环境污染的影响同样具有显著的双门槛作用;随着各地区工业集聚水平的提高,技术溢出效应对水环境污染的减排作用表现出先强后弱的趋势。 相似文献
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Toyib Olaniyan Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie Martin Rsli Rajen Naidoo Nino Künzli Kees de Hoogh Bhawoodien Parker Joy Leaner Mohamed Jeebhay 《Indoor air》2019,29(1):89-100
The health impact of indoor air pollution in informal settlement households has not been extensively studied in South Africa. This cross‐sectional study investigated the association between asthma and common indoor exposures among schoolchildren from four informal settlements located in two municipalities in the Western Cape Province. A total of 590 children, aged 9‐11 years, were recruited. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Pulmonary function assessment included spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Phadiatop test for atopy was done. The prevalence of doctor‐diagnosed asthma was 3.4% (n = 20) among whom only 50% were on treatment. The prevalence of current wheeze was 12.9%, and 17.6% had airway obstruction (FEV1 < lower limit of normal), while 10.2% had airway inflammation (FeNO > 35 ppb). In adjusted logistic regression models, dampness, visible mold growth, paraffin use for cooking, and passive smoking were associated with a twofold to threefold increased risk in upper and lower airway outcomes. The strongest association was that of visible mold growth with rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio—aOR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.69‐6.71). Thus, there is a need for improved diagnosis of childhood asthma and Indoor Air Quality in informal settlement households. 相似文献
33.
《Journal of Great Lakes research》2022,48(3):659-668
Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes. 相似文献
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根据近几年来国家对地下水资源污染防控要求,新建石油化工项目、已建成装置可能产生渗漏、泄漏污染的地下污水管道均需采取防渗措施。为了保护地下水资源,结合工程经验,简单介绍了工程设计中常选择的几种地下污水管道防渗方式,防渗膜、防渗管沟及防渗套管。并叙述了这几种防渗方式的适用条件、优缺点,以及管道发生渗漏后能及时被发现的措施。 相似文献
35.
Up-to-date information on urban air pollution is of great importance for environmental protection agencies to assess air quality and provide advice to the general public in a timely manner. In particular, ultrafine particles (UFPs) are widely spread in urban environments and may have a severe impact on human health. However, the lack of knowledge about the spatio-temporal distribution of UFPs hampers profound evaluation of these effects. In this paper, we analyze one of the largest spatially resolved UFP data set publicly available today containing over 50 million measurements. We collected the measurements throughout more than two years using mobile sensor nodes installed on top of public transport vehicles in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Based on these data, we develop land-use regression models to create pollution maps with a high spatial resolution of 100 m × 100 m. We compare the accuracy of the derived models across various time scales and observe a rapid drop in accuracy for maps with sub-weekly temporal resolution. To address this problem, we propose a novel modeling approach that incorporates past measurements annotated with metadata into the modeling process. In this way, we achieve a 26% reduction in the root-mean-square error–a standard metric to evaluate the accuracy of air quality models–of pollution maps with semi-daily temporal resolution. We believe that our findings can help epidemiologists to better understand the adverse health effects related to UFPs and serve as a stepping stone towards detailed real-time pollution assessment. 相似文献
36.
This study focuses on the accurate tracking control and sensorless estimation of external force disturbances on robot manipulators. The proposed approach is based on an adaptive Wavelet Neural Network (WNN), named Adaptive Force-Environment Estimator (WNN-AFEE). Unlike disturbance observers, WNN_AFEE does not require the inverse of the Jacobian transpose for computing the force, thus, it has no computational problem near singular points. In this scheme, WNN estimates the external force disturbance to attenuate its effects on the control system performance by estimating the environment model. A Lyapunov based design is presented to determine adaptive laws for tuning WNN parameters. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that it can estimate the force even when there are some parametric uncertainties in the robot model, because an additional adaptive law is designed to estimate the robot parameters. In a theorem, the stability of the closed loop system is proved and a general condition is presented for identifying the force and robot parameters. Some suggestions are provided for improving the estimation and control performance. Then, a WNN-AFEE is designed for a planar manipulator as an example, and some simulations are performed for different conditions. WNN_AFEE results are compared attentively with the results of an adaptive force estimator and a disturbance estimator. These comparisons show the efficiency of the proposed controller in dealing with different conditions. 相似文献
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